This article mainly related with storage backup and recovery. It describes what are all the hardware’s used in the storage backup and recovery technologies. So many hardware components used in the Storage Backup areas. It is not the article to bring out the functions of that hardware parts. It gives the information and related technical details of that hardware used in the storage backup and recovery technology.

There are three main important hardware’s are used in the storage backup and recovery technology. They are Server, Subsystems and Switches. Each one has its own hardware parts. Let’s see the information and technical details of this hardware parts.

Server – Master Server

The Master server performs all Backup administrative functions and controls the backup scheduling for each media server. The requirements needed for Master Server,

• Processors

• Memory

• I/O Connectivity

• Operating System

• Backup Software

Media Server

The media server performs the backup operations under the direction of the master, with all backup data stored locally on the media server and its respective storage devices. The same above Master Server requirements are applicable to Media Server also.

DAS, SAN, NAS Storage Subsystems

Direct attached storage (DAS), storage area network (SAN), and network-attached storage (NAS) are the three basic types of storage subsystems used in Storage backup hardware management. DAS is the basic building block in a storage system, and it can be employed directly or indirectly when used inside SAN and NAS systems. NAS is the highest layer of storage and can be built on top of a SAN or DAS storage system. SAN is somewhere between a DAS and a NAS.

Hardware used in the Storage subsystem – SCSI

It is abbreviated like Small Computer System Interface. It is the famous storage subsystem component used in all medium and small level computer interfaces. A mechanism called ‘Cable Sharing’ used here. It can support the data transfer rate up to 320 MB/s.

PATA

Parallel Advanced technology Attachment is shortly named as PATA. It can support data transfer up to 133 MB/s. Nowadays SATA replaces this PATA in all areas. But the recent version UDMA133 is used in some subsystems depends upon the customer requirement.

SATA

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment is commonly known as SATA. It is the very common hard disk interface used in all personal systems. One SATA port permits one device to connect to it.

SAS

It means Serial Attached SCSI. The name itself tells, it can be seen as a merged SCSI and SATA interface. It has various data transfer rates like 185, 374, 750, and 1,500 MB/s. SATA devices can connect to SAS but SAS devices can’t connect with SATA ports. It is specifically designed for the high-end servers. SAS offers the best of SCSI and SATA.

FC

Fibre Channel has a main advantage of its length. It works the same like SATA, but it can covers the distance up to 2kms (Example: Single Mode Fibre). FC offers speeds of 100, 200, and 400 MB/s.

iSCSI

Internet SCSI is shortly known as iSCSI. It is normally used in all LANs. It is Low-cost alternative to FC. Easier to manage because it uses the common TCP/IP protocol and common Ethernet switches.

AoE

ATA over Ethernet. It is a very low cost alternative to iSCSI. It encapsulates ATA commands into low-level Ethernet frames and avoids using TCP/IP. A lot of add-on initiator/target software will support both iSCSI and AoE.

Ethernet Switches

A switch is something that is used to turn on or off various electronic devices. However, in computer networking, a switch is used to connect multiple computers with each other. Since it is an external device it becomes part of the hardware peripherals used in the operation of storage backup and recovery. This connection has done within an existing Local Area network (LAN) only and is identical to an Ethernet hub in terms of appearance except with more intelligence. These switches not only receive data packets, but also have the ability to inspect them before passing them on to the next computer. That is, they can figure out the source, the contents of the data, and identify the destination as well. Because of this uniqueness; it sends the data to the relevant connected system only, thereby using less bandwidth at high performance rates. Ethernet switches were used to provide connections and link aggregation between the backup clients, media servers, and master server using network speeds of 100 Mb/sec, 1 Gb/sec, and 10 Gb/sec.

SAN Switches

SAN switches were used to provide Fibre Channel connections between the Backup media servers and the tape libraries. The below listed companies are working with SAN switches worldwide.

Muthu Senthil Kumar M – Design Engineer, Tata Elxsi Limited, ITPB Road, Whitefield, Bangalore – 560048, India – Mail: mskumar@tataelxsi.co.in – Phone: +91 9916516728

Cisco Catalyst 6509-V-E Switch Video Data Sheet

The world has become a smaller place with the advent of fast transportation methods such as high speed trains, monorails, jumbo jets etc. One can move from one part of the city to another city, state, country and even continent without spending days on travel. One can move from admiring the serene beauty of Taj Mahal in India to relishing the spectacular beaches and sea-line of Mauritius to cherishing the experience of beautiful islands of Greece and then hopping to Brazil to do the Samba dance, all within a matter of a few days. These visits could be for personal reason or for professional purposes. With many companies having operations abroad it becomes extremely important to travel to such locations to retain clients and also win clients. Many companies send their executives and upper management officers to locations abroad for business work.

These travel visits require one to stay in touch with the registered offices and the main offices for any communication pertaining to the purpose of the visit and to receive any instructions in that regard. The situation is such that communication via text or E-mails cannot always be suitable and usage of local network connection would prove to be a very expensive solution. This has made the invention and usage of international calling cards as a money saving option and also helps in usage of the new local connection without losing network access.These cards can be availed of on a prepaid basis by paying a certain amount and then using the connection until its value is completely used up. They can also be signed up for on a contractual basis where the total usage can be paid for later to the mobile telephony company upon the arrival from the destination abroad.

Calling cards have reduced the dependence on telephone booths as one can easily call their home location any time they want and any place they want. There is no restriction on the location of call as its network dependent and there is no compulsion with regard to the time of making the call either. The prices and offers of such international calling cards is different for different companies and depends upon number of cards that the company is availing of. The price of these calling cards and their price differs on the location for which they are sought too. Prepaid or credit based method is more popular than the post paid method as the previous would help in reducing the costs since any exhaustion would lead to cancellation of the line thereby keeping a check of the expenditure and reducing unnecessary payments.

Pay as you go deals can be easily canceled and newer international calling card can be purchased even from locations abroad. If that method is not possible or doesn’t exists then the card can be refilled on-line. Some countries also sell international calling cards in their retail stores for the benefit of tourists and visitors.Besides tourists this method of calling cards is well sought after for students going to school far away from home, for internationally stationed army personnel or if you have friends and family in different time zone/area code.

Raina Kelsey is an expert author. Choose Various Cheap Calling Cards To Call Abroad Along With Best Mobile Phone Deals On Pay Monthly Phones at Directphoneshop.co.uk.

Lets recap the different types of hosting services that are available
1. Free web hosting these are normally sponsored through advertising. A no no if you are serious about hosting your website for business purposes.

2. Shared hosting  shared hosting is the most common type of hosting available today. This is most commonly used if you are running a small website or are just starting out.

3. VPS hosting  Virtual Private Servers    this is the poor mans dedicated server. With VPS hosting the hosting provider partitions one server into multiple private spaces. You are therefore still sharing a server with other clients, but you get your own private  slice  of this server. This means that your website performance will not be affected by the other clients sharing the same server since each client has his own virtual private space in which they run. Clients that host on VPS servers therefore has access to the same type of services normally only afforded by dedicated hosting technology

4. Dedicated hosting services are needed by clients with large websites that generate high volumes of traffic. There are also some companies which need huge storage space, and are not willing to share space with smaller companies but with the price of hardware and hard disks coming down in recent years, the more common reason to require a dedicated server these days are more to do with bandwidth usage and performance.

In both these cases, dedicated hosting providers the solution. Instead of sharing space on a shared server or even with a Virtual Private Server, you will lease an entire dedicated machine that is pre configured for your requirements. Hosting companies that offer dedicated hosting are often larger and more established than companies that only offer shared hosting. Small web hosts often do not have the financial or technical muscle to provide dedicated hosting.

Web hosting companies that make provision for dedicated servers need to make a considerable investment in hardware and software, and because the client has full control over what type of software should be run on these machines, the hosting company also requires more investment in training and skills development of their staff. The hosting company also needs to make provision to stay up to date with the latest developments in hardware and software. The web host therefore needs to upgrade technology regularly to be able to provide state of the art equipment.

Remember that the advantages of dedicated hosting is that the client does not control the hardware and basic software that is required to run the server, nor does the client have to employ any technical resources to maintain the hardware and software   this is completely the responsibility of the dedicated hosting provider.

This is why dedicated hosting costs considerably more than shared hosting or even VPS hosting. The cost can range between dollar99 to dollar2500 per month depending on which hosting company you deal with and depending on the client requirements. The cost will also be determined by the type of service contract that will be put in place between the client and the hosting company. Such a contract is commonly called a Service Level Agreement and it spells out the requirements of the client to a low level of detail. These requirements normally cover issues such as bandwidth usage, the required up time of the server, scheduled maintenance slots and so on. The higher the required level of support from the hosing provider, the more expensive the monthly rental contract will be.

In some cases the client would do some of the management of the server himself  this is called un managed hosting . In this case the hosting provider will only provide the physical server and infrastructure  e.g. network connectivity, storage space etc . In this case the actual management and monitoring of the servers are the responsibility of the client and this type of dedicated hosting should be on the cheaper side of dedicated hosting costs. It must be remembered then though that the client must make provision for employing technical staff to maintain the servers.

About the Author:

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Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Virtual Private Servers

FirePlotter Full Demo – 8 of 8 – FirePlotter.ini Settings (HD)

The Internet has come a long way in recent times. In the early years, the mere novelty of being able to connect to the wealth of information on the cyber highway meant that people were generally quite tolerant of the painfully slow connection speeds that were standard with most home dial-up services.

But expectation levels are a lot higher these days, with fast broadband Internet connections now standard across the country. It is estimated that 95 per cent of all home Internet connections in the UK are broadband, meaning that dial-up services are now more or less a relic of a bygone era.

However, with mobile technology also progressing rapidly in recent years, more and more people are using their mobile phones and PDAs to access the World Wide Web, meaning that the Internet really is always at their fingertips.

But regardless of how much mobile technology has progressed in recent years, the inherent limitations that are attached to the portable-sized keypads and screens, means that there is only so much these devices are capable of performing. Whilst they may be fine to send an email or check the football scores, nobody would relish the thought of working with large business documents or watching video streams.

This is where laptops manage to bridge the gap between the convenience of home or work-based high-speed network connections on large screens, and mobile communication devices such as phones and PDAs.

Wireless broadband is widely available in many public areas these days – coffee shops, airports and trains – making it easy for any wireless-enabled laptop to connect to the World Wide Web on the move. However, wireless broadband isn’t as ubiquitous as it could be and there are still many places which aren’t able to provide access to the Internet quite yet.

This is why mobile broadband is catching on and fast becoming the best solution for those who may require instant Internet access – wherever they happen to be.

Using nothing more than a portable USB modem, it is possible to connect to the World Wide Web in no time. And similar to home broadband packages, there are many mobile broadband options to suit most individuals’ needs, with different monthly download allowances and download speeds depending on the package; this will, of course, be reflected in the monthly subscription charge.

So, with most people now fully accustomed to a high-speed Internet connection at home, it makes sense to allow people to enjoy the same access whilst they’re on the move. Mobile broadband ensures people are always connected to the global community, regardless of where they are – and that can only be a good thing.

About the Author:

Daniel Collins writes on a number of topics on behalf of a digital marketing agency and a variety of clients. As such, this article is to be considered a professional piece with business interests in mind.

Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Mobile Broadband: Internet on the Move

Jon Tickle – Broadband Internet on your mobile phone

Who is bothering to get a domain for their website by paying a ransom? Who wants to maintain old procedure of owning the domain for their websites? Besides, there is a new way to make the websites accessible through the internet. Web hosting service is a technique to make the websites available in the internet for lease or under an agreement of ownership for a certain period. It is provided as a general Internet access plan. There are many web hosting service providers who are ready to give you domains at very competitive prices. Make use of this facility and launch your website in an efficient prospect.

The current “use and throw” approach among the people on everything leads to the promotion of the web hosting network. There are many web hosting networks in the market today which help the individual or the organization by providing the domain name for their website, memory space for data, email services and bandwidth as a single package. Some companies offer free web hosting services with limited resources like memory spaces and bandwidth and they may support advertisement supported hosting. Shared web hosting is a technique where a website can be placed in the same server along with many other sites. This service enables shared usage of CPU, memory and other resources.

Ajax hosting is the practice which allows faster development and healthy applications. Some of the shared Ajax web hosting services is only enabled in windows platforms as they mainly require Windows servers. Almost all the Ajax web hosting companies provide money back guarantee. In competition with the Ajax hosting companies are the linux hosting service providers. Linux web hosting services are appropriate for websites which use linux hosting features like MySQL database, PHP programs and Perl programming. Linux web site hosting is powerful and reliable and also, it is open source software. Hence, cheap linux hosting services with better quality and reliability are available in the market. Another concept of Virtual dedicated servers or virtual Private servers use divided server resources into virtual servers. The resources are allocated in such a way that it does not directly reflect the underlying hardware. Dedicated hosting service provides the user the full control over the web server. The user is responsible for security and maintenance issues. Self managed service is a classification of dedicated service which is more accepted due to its less expensive schemes. Cluster hosting, as the name suggests, has several servers hosting the same content in order to utilize the resources in a better method.

Another new technique called cloud hosting permits reliable, scalable and powerful hosting and is clustered and balanced servers and follows utility billing system. So, if you have to avail for internet access for your website, then choose the web hosting service that best suits your budget and the website requirements. For a personal web page it is recommended to go for single page hosting services. For a website representing an organization, the complete package including database support, bandwidth, and email services and other resources is a wise option.

About the Author:

The article about casting is written by author Calvin Lee who contributes articles on various casting calls, talent shows and so on.

Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Searching for a domain to host your website?

FOSSIN #85 FOSS DOT IN 25 November TO 29 November 2008